Stained glass as defined by Webster's Dictionary is: "glass painted with metalic oxides or chlorides ground up with proper fluxes and fused into its surface at moderate heat".
Pieces can be acid etched, plated (layers of glass stacked to create new colors or effects), or enameled.
Usually stained glass pieces are assembled using different techniques and are braced with steel bars.
-- Tips courtesy of HomeAdvisor.com